Types of Eggplant. Eggplant is used in the cuisines of many countries. Eggplant grows 40 to 150 cm (1 ft 4 in to 4 ft 11 in) tall, with large, coarsely lobed leaves that are 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 in) long and 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) broad. It is not exactly clear when this migration took place, but it is thought to be Thomas Jefferson who originally experimented with the fruit in his Virginia gardens in the late 18th century. Growers typically cut fruits from the vine just above the calyx owing to the somewhat woody stems. His writing has appeared on various online publications including his personal website Build Creative Writing Ideas. Perhaps the best-known Turkish eggplant dishes are imam bayıldı (vegetarian) and karnıyarık (with minced meat). They are steamed, stir-fried, or pan-fried and eaten as banchan (side dishes), such as namul, bokkeum, and jeon. Minor changes in nutrient composition occur with season, environment of cultivation (open field or greenhouse), and genotype. Species: Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenne, 1854) Common Name: Brinjal fruit and shoot borer Damaging Stage: Larvae Crops Afected: Eggplant Characteristics Damage: Attacks flowers, flower buds, young shoot tips, stems and fruits. Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit. Flowers are complete, containing both female and male structures, and may be self- or cross-pollinated.[53]. [25] Bāḏinjān is itself a loan-word in Arabic, whose earliest traceable origins lie in the Dravidian languages. [12] A book on agriculture by Ibn Al-Awwam in 12th-century Arabic Spain described how to grow aubergines. However, the green part at the top, the calyx, does have to be removed when preparing an eggplant for cooking. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Imperial examination in Chinese mythology, "A Comparative Genetic Linkage Map of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) and Its Implications for Genome Evolution in the Solanaceae", "Patterns of Food Consumption in Early Modern Iran", Lost Crops of Africa, Volume II: Vegetables, "Eggplant, White — Solanum ovigerum Dun. and see text. White Eggplant. [45][46] Eggplant can also be grilled, skinned and eaten as a salad called ensaladang talong. Maintenance Names for various eggplant types, such as {{lang|la|agreste, album, divaricatum, esculentum, giganteum, globosi, inerme, insanum, leucoum, luteum, multifidum, oblongo-cylindricum, ovigera, racemiflorum, racemosum, ruber, rumphii, sinuatorepandum, stenoleucum, subrepandum, tongdongense, variegatum, violaceum"", and viride, are not considered to refer to anything more than cultivar groups at best. Larger cultivars weighing up to a kilogram (2.2 pounds) grow in the region between the Ganges and Yamuna Rivers, while smaller ones are found elsewhere. [40][41], In Korean cuisine, eggplants are known as gaji (가지). In Japanese cuisine, eggplants are known as nasu or nasubi and use the same characters as Chinese (茄子). Some other cultivars are white and longer in shape. The Greek loans took a variety of forms, but crucially they began with m-, partly because Greek lacked the initial b- sound and partly through folk-etymological association with the Greek word μέλας (melas), 'black'. Due to its texture and bulk, it is sometimes used as a meat substitute in vegan and vegetarian cuisines. Owing to its versatile nature and wide use in both everyday and festive Indian food, it is often described as the "king of vegetables". A 2008 study of a sample of 741 people in India, where eggplant is commonly consumed, found nearly 10% reported some allergic symptoms after consuming eggplant, with 1.4% showing symptoms within two hours. Korean and Japanese eggplant varieties are typically thin-skinned.[37]. In tropical and subtropical climates, eggplant can be sown in the garden. Origin: Southern Asia. First recorded in 1763, the word "eggplant" was originally applied to white cultivars, which look very much like hen's eggs (see image). This was used by Tournefort as a genus name in 1700, then by Linnaeus as a species name in 1753. [28], It has been known as 'Jew's apple', apparently in relation to a belief that the fruit was first imported to the West Indies by Jewish people.[29]. Botanically classified as a berry, the fruit contains numerous small, soft, edible seeds that taste bitter because they contain or are covered in nicotinoid alkaloids, like the related tobacco. Range: The origin of this plant is obscure. Hand pollination by shaking the flowers improves the set of the first blossoms. Germany: Bohrer, Auberginenfrucht-EPPO code. Common name of Eggplant is the name which changes with change in the regions. The name eggplant is usual in North American English and Australian English. It can be sliced and deep-fried, then served with plain yogurt (optionally topped with a tomato and garlic sauce), such as in the Turkish dish patlıcan kızartması (meaning fried aubergines), or without yogurt, as in patlıcan şakşuka. The flowers are white to purple in color, with a five-lobed corolla and yellow stamens. Even today, an eggplant is now called a brinjal in India. Its thin skin is also edible, and so it does not have to be peeled. [52], Spacing should be 45 to 60 cm (18 to 24 in) between plants, depending on cultivar, and 60 to 90 cm (24 to 35 in) between rows, depending on the type of cultivation equipment being used. Its numerous seeds are small, soft and edible, along with the rest of the fruit, and do not have to be removed. However, Solanum incanum and cockroach berry (S. capsicoides), other eggplant-like nightshades described by Linnaeus and Allioni, respectively, were occasionally considered eggplant varieties, but this is not correct. A member of the Solanaceae, or nightshade family, which includes tomatoes, peppers and potatoes, eggplant is thought to be a native of India where it grows wild as a perennial. English: brinjal fruit borer; French: foreuse des solanées; perceur de l'aubergine; Local Common Names. The flowers before fruit set are light purple. General Description of Brinjal. There are countless varieties out there, all unique in their own way. Other names for the fruit are apple-of-love, gully bean, pea apple, susumber and terong. Many eggplant dishes are sauces made by mashing the cooked fruit. Scientific Name : Solanum melongena Common Name : Eggplant Blooming Season : Summer Plant Habit : Mounded Spacing : 24 - 36" (61 - 91cm) Height : 36 - 52" (91 - 132cm) Width : 24 - 36" (61 - 91cm) Exposure : Sun Grower Information : Seed supplied as: Raw. esculentum (L.) Nees", "Bt Brinjal in Bangladesh: Too early to draw conclusions on contamination, says expert", "Korean restaurant owner cooks from the heart Andy Starnes/Post-Gazette", "All the hallmarks of world-class cuisine", "North, South, Go Pick! [33] Bt brinjal was approved for commercial cultivation in Bangladesh in 2013.[34]. The aubergine is unrecorded in England until the 16th century. Well, take a walk through a farmers market mid-summer and you'll realize that couldn't be further from the truth. I have never even heard of "aubergine" before reading this article, nor have I ever heard the word spoken. "'egg-plant, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, July 2018, Unless otherwise stated, material in this section derives from. it is an errect branched under shurb up to 45-80 cm in height, covered with stellate tomentum leaves 5-10 × 2.5 to 5.00 cm ovate with 6 to 13 mm long petiole. Noun: 1. brinjal - hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable Raw eggplant can have a bitter taste, with an astringent quality, but it becomes tender when cooked and develops a rich, complex flavor. How Brinjal is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. and Solanum melongena var. Maharashtra and the adjacent state of Karnataka also have an eggplant-based vegetarian pilaf called 'vangi bhat' [49].. Eggplant is often stewed, as in the French ratatouille, or deep-fried as in the Italian parmigiana di melanzane, the Turkish karnıyarık, or Turkish, Greek, and Levantine musakka/moussaka, and Middle Eastern and South Asian dishes. Common Names: Eggplant (English), talong (Tagalog). He also recognized the varieties aculeatum, inerme, and subinerme at that time. The eggplant is a plant native to India and Pakistan that has found its way into the hearts of many vegetarians in the United States. Female P. operculella use the leaves to lay their eggs and the hatched larvae will eat away at the mesophyll of the leaf. [23] The Oxford English Dictionary records that between 1797 and 1888, the name vegetable egg was also used. The most widely cultivated varieties—cultivars—in Europe and North America today are elongated ovoid, 12–25 cm (4 ⁄2–10 in) long and 6–9 cm (2 ⁄2–3 ⁄2 in) broad with a dark purple skin. Most commonly purple, the spongy, absorbent fruit is used in several cuisines. Slim cultivars in purple-black skin include 'Little Fingers', 'Ichiban', 'Pingtung Long', and 'Tycoon', In green skin, 'Louisiana Long Green' and 'Thai (Long) Green'. Aubergine (Britain), beringela (Portuguese), brinjal (India), guinea squash (English), baingan , melanzana (Italy) Talong or eggplant in english ( Solanum melongena ) is a fruit of a plant called of the same name of the family Solanaceae (also known as the nightshades) and genus Solanum. [13] Records exist from later medieval Catalan and Spanish.[14]. Common Name: Eggplant, Aubergine Indian Names: Baingan (Hindi), Badenekayi (Kannada), Kathirikayi (Tamil) Botanical Name: Solanum melongena Vegetable type: Berry (The brinjal is actually classified as a fruit!) A Levantine specialty is makdous, another pickling of eggplants, stuffed with red peppers and walnuts in olive oil. The eggplant was sometimes considered a variety violaceum of that species. There are many different kinds of eggplant in the market. Common name(s) Brinjal, eggplant, aubergine. [24], Whereas eggplant was coined in English, most of the diverse other European names for the plant derive from the Arabic word bāḏinjān (Arabic: باذنجان). The result is berenjena of Almagro, Ciudad Real. [42][43], Chinese yúxiāng-qiézi (fish-fragrance eggplants), Korean dureup-gaji-jeon (pan-fried eggplants and angelica tree shoots), In the Philippines, eggplants are of the long and slender purple variety. Tasting Korean Fare in Beijing", "Fuss-free stir-fried eggplants, a perfect side dish", "The Happy Home Cook: Rellenong Talong (Stuffed Eggplant)", https://www.vegrecipesofindia.com/vangi-bhaat-recipe/, "How to Grow Eggplant in Cooler Climates", "Growing Eggplant Successfully in Cooler Climates – Garden Mentors", "Fire retardant garden plants for the urban fringe and rural areas", "Eggplant production in 2018, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)", "Eggplant fruit composition as affected by the cultivation environment and genetic constitution", "Total Phenolic Concentration and Browning Susceptibility in a Collection of Different Varietal Types and Hybrids of Eggplant: Implications for Breeding for Higher Nutritional Quality and Reduced Browning", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eggplant&oldid=993466808, Articles with dead external links from January 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles lacking in-text citations from December 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018, Articles needing additional references from August 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. In 2018, world production of eggplants was 54 million tonnes, led by China with 63% of the total and India with 24% (table). Veg recipes of India. In Chinese cuisine, eggplants are known as qiézi (茄子). Another Sanskrit name that eggplant was given was ‘vatingan‘ which comes from its abilities to remove gas (=wind gone, or, more pointedly, fart gone).This word became the ancestor of a number of words used all over India: Hindi: baingan Kannada: badne kai (‘kai’ = vegetable) Telugu: vankaya Bengali: begun Marathi: vangi Sindhi: vangan Interesting. The term guinea in the name originally denoted the fact that the fruits were associated with West Africa. Still it is beneficial to know the common name of all garden plants. Parmigiana di melanzane, eggplant parmesan. Many of us are familiar with the most common eggplant variety, Solanum melongena, but there are a plethora of eggplant types available. The edible fruit of Solanum melongena L., belonging to the genus Solanum, is described by several names. In a dish from Maharashtra called bharli vangi, small brinjals are stuffed with ground coconut, peanuts, onions, tamarind, jaggery and masala spices, and then cooked in oil. Its origin is considered to be India where it continues to grow wild. 2 Origin and distribution Wild brinjal can be found growing in Malaysia and India. Planting instructions: Sow seed in seed trays or seedbeds and transplant seedlings after about five weeks when large enough. Raw eggplant is 92% water, 6% carbohydrates, 1% protein, and has negligible fat (table). As a member of the genus Solanum, it is related to the tomato, chili pepper, and potato, although they are new world and the eggplant, like nightshade, is old world. [16], The eggplant has a special place in folklore. It was originally domesticated from the wild nightshade species thorn or bitter apple, S. incanum,[5][6][7] probably with two independent domestications: one in South Asia, and one in East Asia. What we call an eggplant is called by many other names by English and non-English speakers in various parts of the globe. Dunal Family : Solanaceae It is found throughout drier parts of India. At the time, the eggplant was more white and yellow than today's purple-skinned fruit, leading to an even closer comparison of the eggplant to an egg. They are known as talong and is widely used in many stew and soup dishes, like pinakbet. The plant and fruit have a profusion of English names. Some cultivars have a color gradient—white at the stem, to bright pink, deep purple or even black. The dish is characteristically served with the stalk attached. They are often deep fried and made into dishes such as yúxiāng-qiézi ("fish fragrance eggplant")[38] or di sān xiān ("three earthen treasures"). The size and shape of the fruit was similar to those of goose eggs. Four years should separate successive crops of eggplants to reduce pest pressure. Different cultivars of the plant produce fruit of different size, shape, and color, though typically purple. The cut surface of the flesh rapidly turns brown when the fruit is cut open (oxidation). Through the colonial expansion of Portugal, the Portuguese form bringella was borrowed into a variety of other languages: Thus although Indian English brinjal ultimately originates in languages of the Indian Subcontinent, it actually came into Indian English via Portuguese. The fruit got this ominous name because of its similarity to poisonous plants like the Jimson weed and the Belladonna plant--people assumed that the eggplant was poisonous as well. Eggplant is nutritionally low in macronutrient and micronutrient content, but the capability of the fruit to absorb oils and flavors into its flesh through cooking expands its use in the culinary arts. If you've only ever picked up an eggplant at the grocery store, you may think that each and every eggplant is the same large, oblong, and deep purple. At the time, the eggplant was more white and yellow than today's purple-skinned fruit, leading to an even closer comparison of the eggplant to an egg. For more than 1,500 years, eggplant has been cultivated … The white, egg-shaped varieties of the eggplant's fruits are also known as garden eggs,[22] a term first attested in 1811. The first known written record of the plant is found in Qimin Yaoshu, an ancient Chinese agricultural treatise completed in 544 C.E. However, since eggplants can be particularly susceptible to pests such as whiteflies, they are sometimes grown with slightly less susceptible plants, such as chili pepper, as a sacrificial trap crop. According to Wikipedia, eggplant is probably the most common name and it’s used in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. They differ in terms of their name, variety, shape, color and forms. The name "eggplant" was given to the fruit by Europeans sometime in the mid-18th century. [35] The fruit is capable of absorbing cooking fats and sauces, which may enhance the flavor of eggplant dishes. Eggplant Vegetable Common names. [11] The numerous Arabic and North African names for it, along with the lack of the ancient Greek and Roman names, indicate it was grown throughout the Mediterranean area by the Arabs in the early Middle Ages, who introduced it to Spain in the 8th century. 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